Assessment of strength–dilatancy characteristics of lead shot
By: Raju, K. V. S. B
.
Contributor(s): Naik, Chidanand G.
Publisher: USA Springer 2023Edition: Vol.53(6), Dec.Description: 1280-1291p.Subject(s): Construction Engineering and Management (CEM)Online resources: Click here
In:
Indian geotechnical journalSummary: The present work aims to study shear strength and dilation characteristics of lead shots. Sand is commonly used to study the behavior of granular materials during the shearing process. Lead shots were utilized in the current investigation to widen the representation of granular materials for a better understanding of micromechanical behavior. Numerous drained shear tests were done at a very low strain rate of 0.05 mm/min at different density states, namely loose, medium dense, and dense state respectively, under varying effective normal stresses ranging from 50 to 400 kPa. The samples are sheared up to 40% shear strain, all the experiments reached a critical condition (Shearing under Constant Volume). It was found from the previous studies that critical state friction angle is independent of normal stress, and relative density, it only depends on the type of granular material and shape. The critical state friction angle of lead shots from the present study is found to be 38.53°. A relationship between peak friction angle and peak dilatancy angles was established in terms of critical state friction angle. It was observed that both the peak frictional angle and peak dilatancy angle were found to decrease as the normal stress increased for a given relative density. It was also noted that both peak friction and peak dilatancy angles were found to increase with an increase in the density of lead shots. The lowest values of peak friction angle and peak dilatancy angle were observed at the loosest state, viz. 38.69° and 0.67° respectively. Similarly, the highest values of peak friction angle and peak dilation angle were recorded at the densest state, viz. 59.98° and 28.07° respectively. Though particle interlocking and particle crushing are minimal, significant effects of dilation and particle rearrangement were observed as prime reasons for the observed higher values of friction angles and dilatancy angles. The present data are also compared with those of the established correlations for a wide spectrum of different granular materials as found in the literature.
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The present work aims to study shear strength and dilation characteristics of lead shots. Sand is commonly used to study the behavior of granular materials during the shearing process. Lead shots were utilized in the current investigation to widen the representation of granular materials for a better understanding of micromechanical behavior. Numerous drained shear tests were done at a very low strain rate of 0.05 mm/min at different density states, namely loose, medium dense, and dense state respectively, under varying effective normal stresses ranging from 50 to 400 kPa. The samples are sheared up to 40% shear strain, all the experiments reached a critical condition (Shearing under Constant Volume). It was found from the previous studies that critical state friction angle is independent of normal stress, and relative density, it only depends on the type of granular material and shape. The critical state friction angle of lead shots from the present study is found to be 38.53°. A relationship between peak friction angle and peak dilatancy angles was established in terms of critical state friction angle. It was observed that both the peak frictional angle and peak dilatancy angle were found to decrease as the normal stress increased for a given relative density. It was also noted that both peak friction and peak dilatancy angles were found to increase with an increase in the density of lead shots. The lowest values of peak friction angle and peak dilatancy angle were observed at the loosest state, viz. 38.69° and 0.67° respectively. Similarly, the highest values of peak friction angle and peak dilation angle were recorded at the densest state, viz. 59.98° and 28.07° respectively. Though particle interlocking and particle crushing are minimal, significant effects of dilation and particle rearrangement were observed as prime reasons for the observed higher values of friction angles and dilatancy angles. The present data are also compared with those of the established correlations for a wide spectrum of different granular materials as found in the literature.
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